Studi kandungan kimia kayu siwak (Salvadora persica) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri

Utomo, Dwi Harto Priyo (2020) Studi kandungan kimia kayu siwak (Salvadora persica) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri. Diploma thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

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Abstract

Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri utama penyebab terjadinya karies pada gigi. Karies gigi dapat dicegah dengan cara rutin menggosok gigi, salah satu contohnya dengan menggunakan kayu siwak (Salvadora persica). Kayu siwak banyak mengandung zat kimia yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri, seperti trimetilamin, alkaloid, sejumlah besar besar fluorida, klorida, sulfat, tiosianat, nitrat, sulfur, vitamin C, sejumlah kecil tanin, saponin, flavonoid dan sterol. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kadar fluorida kayu siwak dan senyawa metabolit sekunder apa saja yang terkandung di dalamnya, serta bagaimana efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Proses ekstraksi fluorida dilakukan dengan cara merendam sampel abu kayu siwak menggunakan akua DM, HCl 37% serta HNO3 65%, sedangkan senyawa metabolit sekunder diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak fluorida selanjutnya diuji kadarnya secara spektrofotometri menggunakan pereaksi SPADNS-asam zirkonil dan ekstrak kayu siwak diuji fitokimia untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder apa saja yang terkandung di dalamnya. Selanjutnya kedua ekstrak diuji antibakteri dengan metode disk diffusion untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar fluorida yang diperoleh bervariasi, tergantung dari pelarut yang digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi. Kadar fluorida yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 1,36 mg/L untuk ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut akua DM, 2,88 mg/L untuk ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut HCl 37% dan 3,40 mg/L untuk ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut HNO3 65%. Adapun senyawa metabolit sekunder dari uji penapisan fitokimia meliputi alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan terpenoid. Dari pengujian antibakteri yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak metabolit sekunder kayu siwak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang ditandai dengan adanya zona hambat, sedangkan ekstrak fluorida tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri dikarenakan konsentrasi ekstrak dalam pengujian terlalu rendah. Streptococcus mutans is the main bacteria that causes dental caries. Dental caries can be prevented by regularly brushing your teeth, for example by using miswak wood (Salvadora persica). Miswak wood contains a lot of chemical substances that have antibacterial properties, such as trimethylamine, alkaloids, large amounts of fluoride, chloride, sulfate, thiocyanate, nitrate, sulfur, vitamin C, small amounts of tannins, saponins, flavonoids and sterols. The purpose of this research was to identify the fluoride levels of the miswak wood and secondary metabolites contained in it, and how its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The fluoride extraction process was carried out by soaking samples of miswak ash using aquademineralized, HCl 37% and HNO3 65%, while the secondary metabolites were extracted by maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The fluoride extract was then tested for spectrophotometric levels using the SPADNS-zirconyl acid reagent and the miswak extract was tested for phytochemicals to determine what secondary metabolites were contained in it. Furthermore, the two extracts were tested for antibacterial by using the disk diffusion method to determine their effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results showed that the fluoride levels obtained varied, depending on the solvent used in the extraction process. The fluoride levels obtained were 1.36 mg/L for extraction using aquademineralized solvent, 2.88 mg/L for extraction using HCl 37% solvent and 3.40 mg/L for extraction using HNO3 65% solvent. The secondary metabolite compounds from the phytochemical screening test include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. From the antibacterial test that has been carried out, it can be seen that the secondary metabolite extract of miswak has antibacterial activity which is characterized by an inhibition zone, while the fluoride extract does not show antibacterial activity because the extract concentration in the test is too low.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: siwak; fluorida; metabolit sekunder; antibakteri; Streptococcus mutans
Subjects: Plants, Botany > Research of Plants
Diseases > Bacterial and Viral Diseases
Miscellaneous Branches of Medicine and Surgery > Dental Diseases
Divisions: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi > Program Studi Kimia
Depositing User: Dwi Harto Priyo Utomo
Date Deposited: 08 Mar 2021 08:01
Last Modified: 09 Mar 2021 02:11
URI: https://etheses.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/37324

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